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IMPORTANCE To our knowledge, neither the phylogroup diversity of E. coli that will expand our understanding of its ecology and evolution beyond the human environment. We propose critical directions for future studies of the 'wild side' of E. coli in wildlife populations has implications for biodiversity conservation, agriculture, and public health, as well as for gauging unknown risks at the urban-wildland interface. The vast genetic diversity and broad distribution of E. Using ecological methods that ensure statistical relevance, we identify trends in phylogroup prevalence associated with host and environmental factors. Host species' phylogroup richness saturated at different levels across species and encapsulated vast within-sample and within-species variation, indicating that distribution patterns are influenced both by isolation source and laboratory sampling depth. Challenging previous assumptions that a single isolate is representative of within-host phylogroup diversity, 57% of individual animals sampled carried multiple phylogroups simultaneously. coli comprises 8 phylogroups that are differentially associated with pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance, and we uncovered all of them in one small biological preserve surrounded by intense human activity. coli isolates per scat sample (n = 84) from a community of 14 wild and 3 domestic species. Though Escherichia coli is common among vertebrate guts and plays a role in the propagation of such genetic information, few studies have explored its diversity beyond humans nor the ecological factors that influence its diversity and distribution in wild animals. Wild animals have been implicated as reservoirs and even 'melting pots' of pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria of concern to human health. Vice Provost for Undergraduate Education.Office of Vice President for Business Affairs and Chief Financial Officer.

Office of VP for University Human Resources.

Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment.Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR).Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine.Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI).Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering (ICME).Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies.Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability.

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